Background and Aim: The position of the mandibular condyle within the glenoid fossa is a fundamental determinant of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and craniofacial harmony. Variations in the vertical facial growth pattern may influence the morphology and spatial orientation of the condyle due to changes in muscular activity, occlusal forces, and mandibular rotation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the vertical facial growth pattern and condylar position in the glenoid fossa using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: In this study, 69 CBCT scans of patients aged 17 to 44 years were evaluated. Participants were divided into three groups—horizontal, normal, and vertical growth patterns—based on the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) and gonial angle. Superior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral joint spaces were measured bilaterally. The anteroposterior position of the condyle was calculated using Pullinger's linear ratio. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and multiple linear regression in SPSS version 26.
Result: In the horizontal growth group, the condyle was positioned more inferiorly and posteriorly compared to the vertical and normal growth groups. Superior and medial joint spaces were significantly larger in horizontal patterns (p < 0.05). A posterior condylar position was predominant in the horizontal growth pattern, whereas an anterior position was predominant in the vertical growth pattern. Males exhibited larger joint spaces than females.
 Conclusion: Condylar position and joint space dimensions differ significantly among various vertical facial growth patterns. CBCT assessment enables precise three-dimensional evaluation of these variations and provides valuable diagnostic information for orthodontic treatment planning and TMJ health assessment.