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  Lasemi E ¹ Fayaz F ² Navi F ³ Gharani zadeh K ⁴ Ahmadi B ⁵

  1- Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep. Dental Branch, Tehran Islamic Azad University

  2- Instructor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep. Dental Branch, Tehran Islamic Azad University

  3- Microbiologist Member of Board. Faculty of Medical, Shahid Beheshti University

  4- Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep. Dental Branch, Tehran Islamic Azad University

  5- Dentist

  Corresponding Author : Lasemi E: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep., No 4, 10^th Neyestan, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran

  Tel: 021- 22564571 Email: elasemi@yahoo.com

 

 Evaluation of Microbial aerosols in Dental departments of Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran

  Background & Aim: Aerosols containing microbes from the oral cavity of the patient are created by using high-speed rotating instruments while practicing dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the level of microbial aerosol contamination in different dental departments of IslamicAzad university,Dental branch in 2009. 

  Materials and Methods : A cross sectional study has been carried out on184 samples of 3- 6 location of 11 departments from operatory and non-operatory places.The samples were cultured on blood agar plates that was placed one meter height from the floor . In each section, a control agar plates were placed in non operatory part . Anaerobic microbes was not evaluated , Prevalence of contamination was evaluated and role of related factors :traffic sector , service type , time , or the use of turbines , the volume of space and number of units were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and DOE (Design Of Experiments).
Results: Aerosol containg microbes have been observed in% 88 of the samples. The air contamination in the therapeutic section was 47.3% and in non- therapeutic section was 52.7% . Microbes found in the same sectors, including gram-positive cocci %58.5, gram-negative cocci% 25.8, gram-positive bacilli %12, fungi %2.1,gram negative bacilli %6.1. Microbial air pollution levels in non- health sectors in the morning and with fewer patients had increased significantly

  Conclusion :

  The results shown high degree of contamination which is striking. According to AMI standard, the results shown high contamination rate, therefore the need for developing new means for preventing microbial aerosols is mandatory.

  Keyword: Bacterial Aerosol Contamination, atmosphere, Infection Transmission, dentistry

 

 

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  Abstract:

  

  Background and Aim: The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) is a valid measure to assess the impact of oral conditions on quality of life of elderly people. This study was done to translate this index into Persian language and to validate its use in an elderly Iranian population.

 

  Materials and Methods : In this validation study, the GOHAl scale was translated in a standardized way consisting of forward (Persian to English) and backward translation. Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the final version were assessed on 150 participants. Reliability was assessed by examining internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and Test-retest and validity was tested by using clinical parameters.

  

  Results : The mean GOHAI scores for validity were significantly lower for participants with poor perceived oral health , less dental attendance and less number of total teeth (P<0.05). The reliability in terms of a Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.92. The measure demonstrated (ICC=0.91) for test-retest reliability. The GOHAI sum score increased significantly after patients received periodontal therapy.

  Conclusion : The Persian version of the GOHAI had excellent reliability, acceptable validity and responsiveness to be used as measure of oral health-related quality of life in studies of the elderly.

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  Abstract:

 

  Background and Aim : The role of sucrose in pH decline in dental plaque and its significance in the development of caries has been established. There are various reports on the effect of various drugs on the pH of dental plaque as well as considerable gaps in the existing information in the country. This study compared the effects of five types of common syrups for children (250 amoxicillin suspension, acetaminophen syrup, diphenhydramine syrup, and children’s cold and multivitamin syrup) with a solution of 10% sucrose on the pH of dental plaque.

  Materials and Methods : In this Single- blind randomized crossover clinical trial study, 10 healthy dental students were selected with an average age of 23.7± 1.10 and DMFS=10±1.82 . Changes in pH were recorded by a digital pH meter at baseline and time intervals of 2.5.7, 10, 15, 20,30,40,50 and60 minutes following a 1min rinse with each medicine and 10% sucrose solution as a positive control. Statistical and data analysis was done using T-test (repeated measure ANOVA)and multiple comparisons (post Hoc) .

  Results: The average pH of dental plaque was found to be the lowest at all times (from 6.64±0.38 to 6.39±0.39) in samples which took amoxicillin suspension. Significant difference was found between the medications and 10% sucrose solution up to 20 minutes (p<0.01). The pattern for pH changes was similar in almost all samples and it was reported to be below the critical levels.

  Conclusion: All medications tested caused a decline in the pH of dental plaque. The maximum drop in pH was reported to be in the seventh minute. In almost all cases, the pH level never returned to the baseline values for 60 minutes after drug use.

 

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  Abstract:

  

  Background and aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the components of waste products generated at dental centers.

 

  Materials and methods: In this study, 37 dental centers were studied in 9 regions which were selected using regional sampling pattern. Each of the three waste samples at the end of three consecutive working days (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday each week) were analyzed. Samples were separated manually and weighed and divided into 64 different components. Measured components were categorized based on the characteristics and potential hazards. The Excel software was used for data and statistical analysis.

 

  Results: The total amount of waste generated per year in dental offices was 62661.60 kg. The volumes of generated infectious, domestic, pharmaceutical, and poisonous chemical waste products were 50.50%, 39.04%, 9.55%, and 0.91% respectively. These findings were similar to the results of other researches conducted prior to this study.

 

  Conclusion: Understanding the components of dental waste materials is essential for proper waste management including collection, processing, transport, and disposal of hazardous products.

 

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Abstract: 

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Abstract:

Background and Aim: Faculty members are pillars of educational system .Their empowerment will positively affect their performance leading to higher levels of motivation and problem solving. The aim of this study was to determine the views of faculty members on effective strategies of empowerment and related factors in the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University in 2014.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on 115 students of dental branch of Tehran Islamic Azad University in 2014 was designed using a standard 5-scale Likert questionnaire and the parameters were  academic status, work experience, academic interest in the job, employment status and type of service. The questionnaire was consisted of 28 options in nine fields. Seven options with respect to incentives, 4 options in relation to facilitating communication specialist, 3 options with regard to participation in the learning process, 2 options in terms of specialization, 3 options regarding the  environmental factors of education and vocational training and two options for job enrichment, self-control and being up to date. The chi-square test was used for data analysis.

Results: According to faculty members, the most important factor influencing their empowerment was availability of resources (education and research) with the highest point (14/4). Evaluation of faculty members by students and allocation of a strictly educational atmosphere had the lowest points of 2/84 and 2/38 respectively.

Conclusion: It seems that improving the motivation, updating and participation of faculty members in educational decision-making processes are three main aspects of their empowerment.

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Introduction: Selection of index keywords through MeSH (Medical subject Headings) is one of the requirements set by international standards, in writing articles for medical journals. Therefore, the study has been performed with the aim of specifying and comparing level of compliance through MeSH-2014, between those keywords extracted from the abstracts of those articles published in Iranian and American dental journals, which have been indexed in PubMed.

Material and Methods: The study was an applied-descriptive one. In total, 1191 keywords extracted from 290 articles from amongst four selected Iranian journals, and 1207 keywords extracted from 203 articles from amongst 2 selected American journals have been compared with MeSH, and divided into three “exact match”, “relative match”, and “no match” groups. Data were analyzed, applying descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency percentage, and Chi-square).

Results: There was no significant difference between ratios of the keywords with “exact match”, “relative match”, and “no match”, in selected Iranian and American journals. Most of the keywords in those articles published in Iranian journals were stemmed jointly from the “title and abstract”; however, in American journals, these keywords were mostly stemmed from the “text, references, or authors’ mentalities”. The superior journal from amongst reviewed journals was J Dent (Tehran), in terms of quality of the keywords.

Conclusion: As far as the authors’ knowledge for selection of keywords in both groups, and in terms of recognizing preferred terms existing in MeSH is concerned, both groups are far from desirable level. The issue requires more attention to be paid to the value of index words, indices, and the importance of indexing, by both groups of authors. Moreover, the matter should be considered by editorial boards of journals; so that, through more qualitative valuation of all aspects of the articles especially keywords, increase would be made in level of accessibility to the articles, and also citing them as an evidence.

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Background and Aim: Given that the effectiveness of mint on a plaque. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of mint mouthwash with chlorhexidine on persons volunteered to be studied Islamic Azad University in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: The clinical trial cross over- double blind clinical trial was carried out. Initial plaque was recorded, and the samples randomly divided into two groups and they asked to rinse their mouthwash twice a day for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks wash out period, the groups were rotated and they used different mouthwash as the same methods.T he plaque and pigments and acceptance of person were recorded and Mann-U-Whitney test was used.

Results: The stain of those who had used chlorhexidine was (6.05 ± 1.16), and those who used mint mouthwash was (2.18±0.83) (P <0.001). In the people who used Mint Mouthwash, the plaque score was (1.17± 0. 24) and those who used chlorhexidine was (0.86 + 0.17).( P <0.001).  The whole people who used mint mouthwash did not feel any flavor in their mouth. but the whole people who used chlorhexidine felt bad feeling in their mouth. (P <0.001).%84(21 cases) of patients who received chlorhexidine felt burning sensation ,in%12(3 cases) of people who used  mint mouthwash were reported burning sensation of the mouth. (P <0.001). In %96(26 cases) of  those who received chlorhexidine had sense of foul odor and in %4  people who have used mint mouthwash  foul odor in the mouth were reported. (P <0.001)

Conclusions:  It seems, Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing microbial plaque is better than mint mouthwash but regarding feeling flavor, no burning sensation and less staining, mint mouthwash had better efficacy.

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Background & aim: One of the ways to retrieve the expert information from Internet, is using search tools. The objective of is this research is to measure the relevance of documents retrieved from search engines and meta search engines in the field of Dentistry and assesse the accuracy of  given data.

Material & Methods: This research was done in descriptive survey method. 5 major search engines and 5 Meta search engines that are introduced by the website of www.searchenginewatch.com as well-used search tools of Internet were chosen. Dentistry keywords were chosen from medical subject Headings (Mesh) 2010 version and then selected terms of Dentistry were searched in each search engines. The first 10 results of search engines were selected for evaluation of recall and precision. Data collection was prepared through direct observation. Searching was conducted using selected keywords of dentistry field in each search engine. First 10 results were selected to evaluate the comprehensiveness and blocking. Data were analyzed using Excell & R version 3.3.1 and SPSS version 22.

Results: Yahoo retrieved the most Dentistry documents and scored the highest rank (66%). Ask had (70%) precision and (30%) recall and retrieved the most relevant Dentistry documents. Clusty retrieved the most Dentistry documents and scored the highest rank (47%).  Clusty with (66%) precision and (33%) recall retrieved the most relevant Dentistry documents. For retrieval of Dentistry information, there were significant difference for comprehensiveness between search engines and meta search engines at significance level of 0.05 and level of R software was more than critical point. So, equality of ratio hypothesis was not accept.

Conclusion: Regarding given results, Meta search engines are suitable tools for amateur or professional users and they have suitable search capabilities and facilities might be used to access the relevant documents in the field of Dentistry.   

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مقاله از نوع نامه به سردبیر می باشد و فاقد چکیده است.

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Background and Objectives: Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is a new approach to maintain the healthcare and oral hygiene, which requires proper integration of evidence, diagnosis and clinical skills of a dentist, as well as patient's medical needs and priorities. The aim of this research was to evaluate the outcomes of education on knowledge, attitude, access and confidence of dental students in field of EBD and its continuity.
Materials and Methods:  Sampling was based on census method and conducted on 250 students In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with 4 different sections including knowledge, attitude, access and confidence was surveyed 310 dental students educating in the 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th semesters.  After collecting data, statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Related factors including age, gender and grade were also analyzed.
Results: The score of knowledge was 2.17 ± 1. 7 out of the maximum score of 10, (poor knowledge)  the attitude score was 32 ± 4.3 out of the maximum score of 50, (moderate attitude)  the access score was 24.9 ± 5 out of the maximum score of 45 and the confidence score was 15.3 ± 4.2 out of the maximum score of 30. (moderate access and confidence)  The Knowledge of students increased  significantly (P < 0.005); however, it had no influence on attitude, access and confidence (P< 0.2). The mean score of access and confidence among male students was significantly higher than female students. (p=0.003)
Conclusions: The evaluated students had poor knowledge on EBD but their access confidence were moderate. Education of course had no remarkable impression on these factors. And it is better to schedule change in presentation, content, more fallow up and its practical management in clinical curses. So, this issue represented the necessity of more attention to study of EBD and their performance, in dental faculty, Islamic Azad University.

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Background & aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific outputs of Iranian dental researchers in the ISC citation database during the years 2010-2017.
Material & Methods: This research is an applied research that has been done by using co-word analysis which is a kind of content analysis and scientometric methods. The statistical population of the study includes 1383 records in dentistry researches that indexed by Iranian researchers in the ISC during 2010-2017.
Results: The findings showed that most dental papers were produced by researchers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Researchers in our country have also collaborated with US researchers in their papers. The survey of the most commonly used topics showed that the most focus of our researchers is on dental and oral Health. The topic of dental plaque has also been identified as an underdeveloped topic in the fields.
Conclusion:  According to the findings, it seems, scientific output of dentistry field in was ISC increased during 2010-2017. and Tehran Medical sciences, Shahid Beheshti medical sciences and Islamic azad university were applied as first to third scores.
Background and Aim : One of the concerns of dentists is maxillofacial pain and sinusitis symptoms that be related to presence of Haller's cells. Considering the importance of the issue and the differences in previous studies, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and apparent characteristics of these cells in Iranian population using digital panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 650 panoramic radiography, which were in terms of contrast, clarity and darkness were acceptable, were collected from patients with no history of trauma and surgery in the maxillofacial area. Then, the presence of Haller's cell and its apparent features were evaluated and frequency was estimated by statistical analysis with 95% confidence in society and the effect of age, sex and side was judged by Chi-square test.
Results: Of the 650 examined samples, 32% had Haller's cell, of which 28.8% were in men and 71.2% in women, and the sex did not play a role in the number of Haller's cell (P <0.4), but Haller's cell in terms of age (Over 39 years old) was found in 81.2% and was not found in 28.7% which was significant (P <0.0001). Most of the Haller's cell were observed to be round (46.2%) and oval (51.4%), frequency of the Haller's cellin left side was 23.5% and in right side was 25.5%. in 50.4% observed in both side.
Conclusion:
 

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On December 2019, a large number of pneumonia cases with unknown etiology were reported in Wuhan, China. In specimens taken from the throat with a swab, a new virus was founded, which was called COVID-19 by WHO. Due to the small number of studies, we decided to investigate the role of the oral cavity in this disease.

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Background and Aim: Coronaviruses generally cause mild to moderate respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, but the new coronavirus has created one of the biggest problems for human health on Earth. Prior to December 2019, Corona virus viruses have seriously attacked human populations twice in the form of MERS and SARS diseases. Coronavirus has now caused millions of people to become infected with the new mutation, which is so much more severe than before that many health-related approaches have been affected. One of the most important approaches is the health needs of oral health and the health of dentists.
Material and Methods: In order to extract of data, the researcher overviewed issues from PubMed، Medline, Scopus, Nature and Google Scholar from 2005-2020.and 61 articles were chosen, the maximum were published in 2020 parallel with virus world contamination.
Result: One of the important findings in new article is know the manner of virus and hygienic protocols against virus contamination. The virus cross-contamination, screening the patients and disinfection in dental clinics and mineral supplement usage for increasing the immunity of persons and attention to health protocols are summarized and categorized from studies as well.
 
Conclusion: Studies have shown that new effective drugs and vaccines against new introduced viral diseases must be produced by scientist. More important, more rigid rules must be performed for traffic in crowded places. Dentists must pay more attention to personal and environmental health and hygienic protocols

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Background and Aim: Local anesthesia plays an important role in dentistry. Although hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetic drugs are rare,but they are more common in dental cartridge components. This study reports a rare case of hypersensitivity to components of local anesthesia cartridge.
Case Report: A 61-year-old female patient referred to The Medical Council to complain the dentist about pigmentation appeared around the eyes and lips. The patient had no history of systemic disease or food and medication allergy, and a year before complaint, had referred to dentist for anterior and premolar teeth extraction. About an hour later, black macules and patches with ill-defined borders appeared in peri-orbit and peri-oral areas. By further examination, hypersensitivity reaction to the local anesthetic cartridge was reported as the most likely diagnosis.
Conclusion: This case states the importance of differentiating the lesion from other causes of pigmentation. It is also recommended to pay attention to the type of local anesthesia cartridge used and its component.

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Background and Aim: In the medical community, professional ethics is very important, and has a wide range of topics under the title of “Medical Ethics”. Therefore, due to the importance of patientschr('39') rights and its promotion that can only be achieved by informing the public and educating dentists, a study was conducted to investigate the attitude of dentistry students of Sari toward professional ethics.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the research population included all the last 3 years-of-course students of the Faculty of Dentistry of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences who were entered into the study by taking a census. The means of research was a researcher-made questionnaire based on studies related to this field for which the validity and reliability were evaluated in Karampourian et al study. After completing the questionnaires, the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
Results: 106 students participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 23.84 ± 2.51 . After analyzing the data obtained from the total scores of the questionnaires, the mean attitude of the students was 104.97 ± 9.87 which is in the Good attitude range. The frequency of moderate, good and very good attitude of students was 4.7%, 79.2%, and 16%, respectively.
Conclusion: Since the faculty is the most influential force in shaping studentschr('39') ethics, therefore it is best to revise the ethics curriculum according to this major/discipline to achieve high goals in this field while considering the professional differences in dentistry.

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Abstract
Background and Aim: The prevalence of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has thus far forced most schools and universities to change their conventional teaching methods and to encourage virtual education. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of faculty members and students of dentistry, at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science, towards virtual education of theoretical courses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: In this study, a total number of 300 faculty members and students of dentistry, at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. The sampling was also performed using proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data were further collected by an electronic designed questionnaire which its validity and reliability were approved referred to Tabatabaee et. Al study with Cronbach α=0.7 using test-retest method. The results were analysed via the independent-samples t-test and Q-square test.
Results: Among the participants, 96 cases (32%) were faculty members and 204 individuals (68%) were students of dentistry. Of the faculty members, there were 40 men (41.7%) and 56 women (58.3%). With regard to the students’ gender, 86 respondents (42.2%) were male and 118 cases (57.8%) were female. Out of 204 students, 83 cases (40.7%) were enrolled in the basic science courses and 121 respondents (59.3%) were taking clinical ones. With regard to the virtual education of theoretical courses, the attitudes of the faculty members and the students of dentistry in terms of the effectiveness of virtual education and the associated factors as well as the subjective-emotional factors demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05), Nevertheless, the attitudes of the faculty members and the students on the challenges of virtual education were not significantly different (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the study results, virtual education can be practiced as favorable among faculty members compared with students of dentistry. Failure to establish face-to-face communication between teachers and students along with hardware problems can be thus deemed as barriers in this respect.