1. Rogers PL, Jacob H, Rashwan AS, Pinsky MR. Quantifying learning in medical students during a critical care medicine elective: a comparison of three evaluation instruments. Critical care medicine. 2001;29(6):1268-73. [DOI:10.1097/00003246-200106000-00039] [PMID]

2. Sloan DA, Donnelly MB, Schwartz RW, William E. The objective structured clinical examination the new gold standard for evaluating postgraduate clinical performance. Annals of surgery. 1995;222(6):735-42. [DOI:10.1097/00000658-199512000-00007] [PMID] []

3. White C, Bradley E, Martindale J, Roy P, Patel K, Yoon M, et al. Why are medical students 'checking out'of active learning in a new curriculum? Medical education. 2014;48(3):315-24. [DOI:10.1111/medu.12356] [PMID]

4. Ruz M, Worden MS, Tudela P, McCandliss BD. Inattentional amnesia to words in a high attentional load task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2005;17(5):768-76. [DOI:10.1162/0898929053747685] [PMID]

5. Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2007;3(5):553-67.

6. Chang O, Holbrook AM, Lohit S, Deng J, Xu J, Lee M, et al. Comparability of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and written tests for assessing medical school students' competencies: a scoping review. Evaluation & the Health Professions. 2023;46(3):213-24. [DOI:10.1177/01632787231165797] [PMID] []

7. Alkhateeb N, Salih AM, Shabila N, Al-Dabbagh A. Objective structured clinical examination: Challenges and opportunities from students' perspective. Plos one. 2022;17(9):e0274055. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0274055] [PMID] []

8. Pirayeh N MN, Shaterzadeh-Yazdi MJ, Saadat M, Soltani M, Hamedi. The Effect of Problem-based Education on the Score of Clinical Examination of Rehabilitation Students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. . Medical education. 2021;16(3):163-74. [DOI:10.18502/jmed.v16i3.7898]

9. education Moham. Implementation guidelines for the clinical competency test for the general dental doctorate course, Deputy Education Secretary of the Dental and Specialized Education Council of 2023.

10. Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Academic medicine. 1990;65(9):S63-7. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199009000-00045] [PMID]

11. Shaterjalali M, Gholampoor Y, Jeihooni AK, Mansoori Y, Homayounfar R, Ehrampoush E, et al. Faculty retention in regional medical schools in Iran: a qualitative content analysis. BMC Medical Education. 2021;21(1):24. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-020-02473-y] [PMID] []

12. Gruppen LD, Burkhardt JC, Fitzgerald JT, Funnell M, Haftel HM, Lypson ML, et al. Competency‐based education: programme design and challenges to implementation. Medical education. 2016;50(5):532-9. [DOI:10.1111/medu.12977] [PMID]

13. Manakil J, George R. Reviewing competency in dental education. International J Dent Clinics. 2011;3(2):33-9.

14. Marchan SM, Coldero LG, Smith WA. An evaluation of the relationship between clinical requirements and tests of competence in a competency-based curriculum in dentistry. BMC Medical Education. 2023;23(1):585. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-023-04438-3] [PMID] []

15. Yip H, Smales R, Newsome P, Chu F, Chow T. Competency-based education in a clinical course in conservative dentistry. British Dental Journal. 2001;191(9):517-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801221 [DOI:10.1038/sj.bdj.4801221a] [PMID]

16. Albino JE, Young SK, Neumann LM, Kramer GA, Andrieu SC, Henson L, et al. Assessing dental students' competence: best practice recommendations in the performance assessment literature and investigation of current practices in predoctoral dental education. Journal of dental education. 2008;72(12):1405-35. [DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.12.tb04620.x] [PMID]

17. McGleenon EL, Morison S. Preparing dental students for independent practice: a scoping review of methods and trends in undergraduate clinical skills teaching in the UK and Ireland. British dental journal. 2021;230(1):39-45. [DOI:10.1038/s41415-020-2505-7] [PMID] []

18. Sandberg J. Understanding the basis for competence development. International perspectives on competence in the workplace: Research, policy and practice: Springer; 2001. p. 9-25. [DOI:10.1007/978-94-010-0742-9_2]

19. Licari FW, Chambers DW. Some paradoxes in competency‐based dental education. Journal of Dental Education. 2008;72(1):8-18. [DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.1.tb04447.x]

20. Tonni I, Gadbury‐Amyot CC, Govaerts M, Ten Cate O, Davis J, Garcia LT, et al. ADEA‐ADEE shaping the future of dental education III: assessment in competency‐based dental education: ways forward. Journal of dental education. 2020;84(1):97-104. [DOI:10.1002/jdd.12024] [PMID]

21. Lugassy D, Levanon Y, Pilo R, Shelly A, Rosen G, Meirowitz A, et al. Predicting the clinical performance of dental students with a manual dexterity test. PloS one. 2018;13(3):e0193980. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0193980] [PMID] []

22. Oliver G, Lynch CD, Chadwick BL, Santini A, Wilson N. What I wish I'd learned at dental school. British dental journal. 2016;221(4):187-94. [DOI:10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.602] [PMID]

23. Alafaleg RSA, Roudsari RV, Tork R, Goodwin M. The staff's perception of level of clinical competence of graduating dental students amid COVID-19: A qualitative research in one Saudi dental school. Educación Médica. 2023;24(1):100787. [DOI:10.1016/j.edumed.2022.100787] []

24. Rashwan N, Mahmoud MR. Application of competency-based education in dentistry. International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research. 2021;9(2):23-6.

25. Annamma LM, Varma SR, Abuttayem H, Prasad P, Azim SA, Odeh R, et al. Current challenges in dental education-a scoping review. BMC Medical Education. 2024;24(1):1523. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-024-06545-1] [PMID] []

26. Salawu YK, Stewart D, Daud A. Structures, processes and outcomes of objective structured clinical examinations in dental education during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review. European Journal of Dental Education. 2023;27(4):802-14. [DOI:10.1111/eje.12869] [PMID] []

27. Alnazzawi AA. Dental Staff Members' Perception Regarding Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): An Experience from Saudi Arabia. Dentistry Journal. 2025;13(9):423. [DOI:10.3390/dj13090423] [PMID] []

28. Behere R. Introduction of Mini-CEX in undergraduate dental education in India. Education for Health. 2014;27(3):262-8. [DOI:10.4103/1357-6283.152187] [PMID]

29. Fuentes-Cimma J, Fuentes-López E, Isbej Espósito L, De la Fuente C, Riquelme Pérez A, Clausdorff H, et al., editors. Utility analysis of an adapted Mini-CEX WebApp for clinical practice assessment in physiotherapy undergraduate students. Frontiers in Education; 2023: Frontiers Media SA. [DOI:10.3389/feduc.2023.943709]