per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 93 105 article 1 Amin Mortaheb aminmortaheb@gmail.com 2 Mahshid Kharaziha Kharaziha esfahani 3 shiva Shirani 4 Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Department of Material Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Background and Aim: Therapeutic effects of calcium hydroxide as an intra-canal medicament depend on its decomposition into hydroxyl and calcium ions. The aim of this study was to determine the diffusion amount of calcium ion and ph changes around the tooth root in the application of conventional calcium hydroxide and Nano particle calcium hydroxide at different times. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 50 human single rooted and single canal teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 20 (conventional calcium hydroxide and Nano particle calcium hydroxide with a size of 23±5 nm after confirmation by X-ray Powder Diffraction) and a control group of ten (distilled water). After applying these materials using a K file ISO # 55, seal the coronal part of the canals and transfer to normal saline, the concentration of calcium ions and the ph of normal saline in all groups was measured After 3, 24, 96, 360 and 720 hours. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey Post Hoc, Bonferroni Post Hoc statistical tests and SPSS 22 software. Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups at different times and in total in comparing the mean ph and mean concentration of calcium ions around the tooth roots (P <0.001). These values for both parameters, in the group of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide were significantly higher than conventional calcium hydroxide and in the group of conventional calcium hydroxide, higher than the control group (P <0.05). Also, the mean concentration of calcium ions in the group of normal calcium hydroxide and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide incresaed. Conclusion: Nanoparticle calcium hydroxide can be a suitable alternative to achieve the desired therapeutic goals due to its ability to emit more calcium ions and higher ph than the conventional type.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1262-en.pdf Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles calcium ion ph The environment around the tooth root per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 106 111 article Farzaneh Mohammadi 1 Mehrdad Barekatain mehrbarekat@gmail.com 2 elham alipour 3 Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Faculty of dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Background and Aim: the study of antibacterial properties of resin cements and modified glass ionomers is of great importance. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of resin-modified glass ionomers and resin cements on cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sabrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and Methods:In this experimental laboratory study, samples of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sabrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used. 7 samples were prepared from each of glass ionomer and resin cements. After drying and sterilizing the samples, the quality control operations of the samples were performed and cultured in culture media at 37 ° C for 48 hours. According to the antimicrobial halo around each disk, its measurement the growth or non-growth of bacteria was examined. Data were analyzed using t-test and two-way ANOVA Results: The diameter of growth inhibition zone of the three studied bacteria in the presence of three materials SDI seT PP, Natural Elegance and GC Fugi Plus was significantly different (p <0.001). The diameter of GC Fugi Plus stunted halo in all three types of bacteria was larger than other groups and the stagnation halo diameter of Lactobacillus acidophilus was larger than that of Streptococcus mutans without any difference with Streptococcus sabrinus. Conclusion: The antibacterial effects of glass ionomer cement are more than the other two types of resin cements. Also, the antibacterial effects of the investigated cements on Lactobacillus acidophilus were higher than other bacteria.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1315-en.pdf Glass ionomer Resin cement Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sabrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 112 118 article masoomeh shirzaiy shirzaiy@gmail.com 1 fatemeh neshat 2 medical science medical science Background and Aim: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal injuries. Various studies have shown Contradictory and varied results about inflammatory cytokines and the biological dimensions related to this complication.This study aimed to compare salivary interleukin-2 levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (in the active ulcerative and healing periods) and healthy people. Materials and methods: In this analytical and case-control study, unstimulated  saliva samples of  25 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (case group) in the ulcerative and healing periods and 25 healthy individuals (control group) were collected  for assessment of interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and transferred to the laboratory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software and Independent t-test. Pvalue of lower than 0.05 was significant. Results: IL-2 salivary levels in  RAS patients( 114.53 ± 93.48)  pg/ml and healthy controls (112.44 ±55.185)  had significantly difference (P˂0.001). Salivary IL-2 levels in RAS subjects in active ulcerative  (114.93 ± 53.48)  and healing periods ( 110.56 ±56.71) pg/ml  no significantly difference. (P˃0.05) Conclusion: According to the results of the study, salivary IL-2  levels significantly increased  in RAS people in the active ulcerative , and healing periods compared to healthy controls. However, salivary Il-2 in  the active ulcerative , and healing periods  had no changing.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1270-en.pdf Recurrenr aphtous stomatitis Interleukin-2 Saliv per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 119 130 article 1 2 3 masoumehbagheri88@gmail.com 4 Background and Aim: graphene is a two-dimensional nanostructure consist of a single layer of SP2 carbon atoms that arranged by covalent bonds in a hexagonal bee web. The reinforcement by GO is due to functional groups that lead to strong interaction, dispersion and stress distribution. Due to lower mechanical properties and strength of PEMA than PMMA, we evaluate effect of GO on mechanical properties of PEMA. Materials and methods: In this invitro-exprimental study, flexural strength, elastic modulus, Knoop micro hardness and SEM examination of 30 acrylic sample with dimensions 2(width)×2(height)×2(length) in 3 groups was evaluated. Results: The maximum mean Knoop micro hardness was related to 0.25%wt GO and the lowest value was related to 0.5%wt GO groups. The mean flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the control group were higher. Conclusion: GO can increase micro hardness of PEMA in low value, thus the use of GO can be recommended to improve mechanical properties of PEMA. GO did not increase elastic modulus and flexural strength.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1275-en.pdf Graphene oxide Poly ethyl methacrylate Flexural strength Elastic modulus Knoop micro hardness. per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 131 140 article Sareh farhadi 1 farhad Adhami Moghadam 2 Zeinab Abbasi Senjedary abasi.zeinab@yahoo.com 3 Akram Peyman 4 Associate Prof, Oral and Macillofacial Pathology Dept, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Associate Professor, Ophtalmology Dept, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Assistant Professor, Midwifery Dept ,Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Assistant Professor, Midwifery Dept ,Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Background & Aim: faculty members should be competent experts and knowledgeable in their specializations and become skillful in teaching and professional attitude. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Medical Education Course in the Education Development Center of the deputy of medical sciences Islamic Azad University. Using Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model in spring 2021. Material and Methods: A sample of 45 faculty members from all over the country was selected by random sampling method. Pre-test and post-test, and feedback questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of training. At the reaction level, the feedback questionnaire was used, which confirmed its validity and reliability. A researcher-made questionnaire was validated by a group of medical education experts for pre-test and post-test, and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, paired t-test and regression tests with SPSS24 were used. Results: The study revealed that the training conducted had resulted in evidence to two of the four levels of Kirkpatrick’s model. The reactions to the training received on average 4.48 of the 5-point Likert scale that revealed overall positive feedback on the evaluation. Pre and post-test to determine learning resulted in a significant increase in knowledge p <0.000.  Conclusion: Reffer to Kirkpatrick’s model, Medical Education course  of faculty members, revealed overall positive feedback and a significant increase in their knowledge and attitude.    http://jrds.ir/article-1-1284-en.pdf Effectiveness Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model Faculty member Medical Education per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 141 149 article sanaz Alimadadi 1 mohamadreza shahamfar Mohamadreza_shr@yahoo.com 2 niloofar Azima 3 دانشکده دندانپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد تبریز Abstract Background and  Aims : Considering the fact that insufficient study has been done on the effect of malocclusion on the quality of life and confidence among Iranian children and the high prevalence of malocclusion in the Iranian population, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of life(OHRQoL) in children aged 8-11 in Tabriz in 2020. Materials and Methods: Five hundred children aged 8-11 participated in this study. Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the participants’ malocclusion. Furthermore, the participants answered a standardized questionnaire namely child perception questionnaire to determine their social and emotional well-being in relation to the malocclusion.   Clinical examinations were performed by the same researcher. One way Anova with LSD follow up tests under SPSS18 software for Windows 10 were utilized for analysis of data. P< 0.05 were considered significant.  Results: The study sample consisted of two groups of 216 boys and 284 girls. The results showed that malocclusion had a statistically significant effect on quality of life related to oral health and emotional health of children.(Pvalue<0.05).  However, malocclusion did not affect the social health of these children.(p value>0.05) Conclusion: In the present study, the effect of malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children aged 8-11 in Tabriz in 2020 was assessed. The results of this study showed malocclusion and its severity has a significant effect on quality of life.  It also had an effect on a person's emotional health, but no significant relationship was found between a person's social health and malocclusion.  Therefore, in general, it seems that malocclusion had a significant effect on the quality of life and emotional health of individuals, but the social health of children is not affected by malocclusion.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1273-en.pdf malocclusion Oral Health Related Quality of life Social Health Emotional Health Tabriz per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 150 158 article Amirala Aghbali 1 Parya Emamverdizadeh 2 Ladan Paya Ladan.paya@yahoo.com 3 Negar behnia nbhn93@yahoo.com 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Abstract Background and Aims: Recurrent aphthous ulcers are one of the most common diseases of oral mucosa, which causes complaints and referral of patients to the dentist. These ulcers are single or multiple and painful, limited to the oral cavity and often cause a lot of discomfort to the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluation of mental status and quality of life in people with recurrent aphthous lesions. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, 120 persons were evaluated in two groups: patients and healthy subjects in terms of mental status and quality of lifeThe GHQ-28 questionnaire was used to assess the mental status and general health and the WHOQOL-26 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The obtained data were analyzed by non-independent t-test by SPSS statistical analysis software version 21. Results: The highest score of mental health quality were related to anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders, which was significantly higher in case group than the control group (15.78 ± 3.13 vs. 4.25 ± 2.51; p = 0.001). Most of the aphthous lesions in the present study were low-grade minor lesions (43.3%), however, moderate lesions have the second highest frequency (38.3%), After that, moderate aphthous lesions (38.3%) had a higher frequency. Conclusion:  It seems that in people with recurrent aphthous lesions, the quality of life is lower in the field of physical health and social relations, and in the study of mental condition, physical symptoms, urgency and sleep disorders are clearly seen.   http://jrds.ir/article-1-1263-en.pdf Mental Status Quality of Life General Health Quality Recurrent Aphthous Lesions per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 159 164 article Ahmad Reza Talaipour 1 Seyedali Seyedmajidi 2 Seyed Hadi Sajjadi hsajjad3@yahoo.com 3 Samira Fani samira1989_fani@yahoo.com 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiolody Department, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Background and Aim:  Age estimation is one of the most important issues in forensic medicine, legal cases and orthodontic treatment. One of the most famous methods which is based on the maturity of teeth for determining dental age is Demirjian method. Due to the inconsistency of the results of studies conducted on different people groups, the present study was done to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian method in estimating the chronological age of Iranian 12-16 years-old Iranian people. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 50 orthopantomograms that met the inclusion criteria. Dental age was determined by Demirjian method and compared with the chronological age of the subjects separated by gender and age groups. The correlation coefficient between dental age and chronological age was calculated  using paired  T-test in order to show their relationship, and finally, the linear regression equation was presented. Results: The studied radiographs belonged to 27 girls and 23 boys with a mean age of 14.02±1.45 years old. The subjects’ mean dental age was determined 14.00±1.38 years old by Demirjian method which did not show a statistically significant difference with the chronological age (P<0.4). The correlation coefficient test showed a very strong correlation between actual and estimated ages in both genders (R=0.975 in girls and R=0.969 in boys). The determined linear regression equation was Y=1.01X-0.078. Conclusion: The Demirjian method is a suitable method with high accuracy in estimating the age of the studied group. http://jrds.ir/article-1-1250-en.pdf Demirjian Dental age Panoramic radiography Forensic medicine per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 165 173 article Pegah Mosannen Mozaffari 1 Salehe Sekandari salehesekandari@yahoo.com 2 Fateme Sekandari fateme.sekandari@gmail.com 3 Background and Aim: Amelogenesis Imperfecta is a hereditary complication that affects the quality and quantity of tooth enamel. This disease usually affects both deciduous and permanent dentition and causes various abnormalities such as unaesthetic appearance, dental sensitivity, and severe attrition. The incidence of this condition is estimated at 1 in 14,000 people. At the moment, there are no specific treatment recommendations for patients suffering from AI. when treating these patients, a comprehensive treatment with interdisciplinary approach should be considered. Case Report: The patient was a 14-year-old girl who had referred to Shahab Dental Clinic in Mashhad with a complaint about the improper shape and color of her teeth. The patient had no history of any specific disease and no family history of this disease was reported in his family. After clinical and radiographic examination the patient was diagnosed with AI (hypoplastic type). Conclusion: Related to Patient’s functional and emotional impression of AI, treatment of these patients has specific importance. http://jrds.ir/article-1-1234-en.pdf Amelogenesis Imperfecta Enamel agenesis Hypoplastic. per دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی-واحد دندانپزشکی Res Dent Sci 2008-4676 2228-7353 2022-06 19 2 174 184 article Roya Maleki 1 Maryam Sadeghipour Roudsari 2 Peyman Shariatpanahi pshariatpanahi@ut.ac.ir 3 Mohammad Mousavi 4 Abtin Ziadlou 5 Shahid Beheshti University Shahid Beheshti University Tehran University Shahid Beheshti Abstract Background and Aim: Improving oral health requires a variety of factors, including sufficient awareness and ability to predict future threads and crises in this sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of using future studies in oral health. Material and Methods: This review study was conducted in 2021. In order to access the articles, four databases consisting of “PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid & Scopus” were sought in the last 10 years. According to the topics, entry and exit criteria, 16 articles were selected and analyzed for the study. Results: The results showed that “future studies” should be used as an important tool in almost all areas of the health system’s functions but this important tool has been significantly neglected in the oral health system. Conclusion: According to the most studies, in order to make appropriate policies for achieving the health improvement, cognition of variables, deficiencies and threats ahead are essential. In this regard, although policy-making has been done with a foresight and futurism approach, but oral health is one of the issues which has been missing. http://jrds.ir/article-1-1287-en.pdf Future Studies Health Oral Health Dental Health Prospective Studies Futurology