<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>journal of research in dental sciences</title>
<title_fa>مجله تحقیق در علوم دندانپزشکی</title_fa>
<short_title>J Res Dent Sci</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://jrds.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2008-4676</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2228-7353</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.66224/jrds</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1392</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2013</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>10</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>تعیین پایایی مشاهده گر در شناسایی لندمارکهای سفالومتری سه بعدی بر روی تصاویر CBCT</title_fa>
	<title>Observer Reliability in identification of Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmarks on CBCT Images</title>
	<subject_fa>جراحی-</subject_fa>
	<subject>oral surgery</subject>
	<content_type_fa>مطالعه  اصیل</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>original article</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;h5 align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify LINE-HEIGHT: 115% TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;خلاصه: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;h5 align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;سابقه و هدف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot; mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ansi-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;یک قدم مهم برای ثبت &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ansi-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; به عنوان یک رویکرد معمول تشخیصی در ارتودنسی تعیین پایایی آن در شناسایی لندمارک ها است. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی پایایی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;intra observer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ansi-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;inter observer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ansi-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; در شناسایی لندمارکها در سه بعد با استفاده از تصاویر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;بود.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;h5 align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;مواد و روش‌ها: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;در این مطالعه تجربی تصاویر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;بیمار انتخاب شد. دو مشاهده گر هر کدام 2 بار به صورت جداگانه 14 لندمارک انتخابی را در&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;تصاویر &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;مورد نظر شناسایی کردند.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;روش کار به این صورت بود که&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ابتدا مناسب ترین برش در نماهای ساژیتال، کرونال وآگزیال برای لندمارک مربوطه انتخاب و سپس مختصات آن (&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;X &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;   &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) بر حسب میلی متر&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;تعیین می گردید. جهت محاسبه پایایی&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;intra observer&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;inter observer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;h5 align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;یافته‌ها: در 6/97 درصد از موارد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;intraobserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; و 8/92 درصد از موارد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;interobserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Intraclass correlation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman Bold&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;(ICC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;بالای 7/0 بود. در هیچ مورد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; کم تر از 6/0 به دست نیامد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; در 5/59 درصد از ارزیابی های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Intraobserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt; بزرگتر یا مساوی 9/0 بود. در 6/66 درصد از ارزیابی های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;interobserve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman Bold&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; بزرگتر یا مساوی 9/0 بود. میانگین اختلاف ها بین 2 مشاهده گر در 2/95 درصد موارد زیر 2 میلی متر بود.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;h5 align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;نتیجه گیری: با توجه به محدودیت های این مطالعه و نتایج به دست آمده می توان نتیجه گیری نمود که در کل پایایی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;interobserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;intraobserver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; در شناسایی لندمارک های سه بعدی بر روی تصاویر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: &quot;B Nazanin&quot; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold'&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; بالا بوده و آنالیز سفالومتری سه بعدی با استفاده از تصاویر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;X-NONE&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;CBCT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; می تواند اطلاعات تجدید پذیری را ارائه دهد. &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Abstract: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Background and Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;An important step before establishing CBCT as a common orthodontic diagnostic approach is to assess landmark reliability. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate intra- and inter observer reliability in 3D landmark identification using CBCT images. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods &lt;/strong&gt;: A total of 30 CBCT images were selected for this experimental study. Working independently, two observers identified 14 landmarks, twice in the CBCT images. Selecting the most appropriate slice in the axial, coronal, and sagittal views, the position of the landmark was recorded in millimeters for the X, Y, and Z coordinates respectively. Intra- and inter observer reliability values were determined using Pearson’s correlation test. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Results &lt;/strong&gt;: The Intra class correlation (ICC) was &gt;0.7 for 97.6% of intra observer assessments and 92.8% of inter observer assessments. None of the ICCs were &lt;0.6. The ICC was ≥0.9 for 25 (59.5%) of the intra observer assessments. The ICC was ≥0.9 for 28 (66.67%) of the inter observer assessments. The mean differences between the two observers in 95.2% of the cases were less than 2 millimeters. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Considering the limitations and the results of the present study, the intra- and inter observer reliability was high. With proper training of the operator, the three-dimensional landmark identification using CBCT can offer consistent and reproducible data. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>لندمارک آناتومیک, سفالومتری, توموگرافی کامپیوتری با اشعه مخروطی</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Anatomic Landmarks, Cephalometry, Cone Beam CT</keyword>
	<start_page>191</start_page>
	<end_page>198</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jrds.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-726-1&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>R</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ghaffari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>روشنک</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>غفاری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846005966</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846005966</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>S</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Saghaie </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سیما </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>سقایی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>simasaghaie@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846005967</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846005967</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>- DDS, Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental school (faculty), Khorasgan (Isfahan ) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دستیار تخصصی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد خوراسگان (اصفهان)، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، گروه آموزشی رادیولوژی دهان و فک و صورت، اصفهان</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>M</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Sheikhi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مهناز </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>شیخی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846005968</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846005968</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
